ECMAScript Links

ECMAScript is the formal specification of JavaScript. It is being developed by Ecma International's Technical Committee 39 (TC39) and published as Standard ECMA-262.

This is a collection of the most important resources regarding ECMAScript.

Introduction

• Ecma International
• Standard ECMA-262
• TC39
  • Repositories

Specifications

See How to Read the ECMAScript Specification.

• ECMAScript 2024 Language Specification (15^th Edition, ES2024)
• ECMAScript 2023 Language Specification (14^th Edition, ES2023)
• ECMAScript 2022 Language Specification (13^th Edition, ES2022)
• ECMAScript 2021 Language Specification (12^th Edition, ES2021)
• ECMAScript 2020 Language Specification (11^th Edition, ES2020)
• ECMAScript 2019 Language Specification (10^th Edition, ES2019)
• ECMAScript 2018 Language Specification (9^th Edition, ES2018)
• ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification (8^th Edition, ES2017)
• ECMAScript 2016 Language Specification (7^th Edition, ES2016)
• ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification (6^th edition, ES6/ES2015) / HTML*
• ECMAScript Language Specification (5.1 edition, 2011) / HTML*
• ECMAScript Language Specification (5^th Edition, 2009, ES5)
• ECMAScript Language Specification (4^th edition, abandoned and never released)
• ECMAScript Language Specification (3^rd Edition, 1999)
• ECMAScript Language Specification (2^nd Edition, 1998)
• ECMAScript Language Specification (1^st Edition, 1997)

* Non-normative HTML version. Use the respective PDF as the definitive specification.

Process

• TC39 Process
• TC39 Meeting Agendas
• TC39 Meeting Notes
• Proposals
  • Stage 0: Strawperson
  • Stage 1: Proposal
  • Stage 2: Draft
  • Stage 3: Candidate
  • Stage 4: Finished
  • Inactive Proposals
• Test262: ECMAScript Test Suite
  • Test262 Report

Contributing

• Contributing to ECMAScript
• ECMA-262 Repository
• ECMA-262 Draft
• ECMAScript Mailing List

Further Standards

ECMAScript Specification Suite (ECMA-414)

• Standard ECMA-414
  • Previous Editions

Internationalization API (ECMA-402)

• Standard ECMA-402
  • Previous Editions
• ECMA-402 Repository
• ECMA-402 Draft
• ECMA-402 Proposals

JSON Data Interchange Syntax (ECMA-404)

• Standard ECMA-404
  • Previous Editions